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Fire fighting systems

A centrifugal pump that is used for pumping fire-fighting water is a fire-fighting pump. It is possible to build fire fighting pumps for transportable use fire fighting vehicles or portable fire fighting pumps or for stationary use hydrants, sprinkler systems.

The most significant of the building services is possibly a fire fighting device, as its purpose is to protect human life and property, strictly in that order.

It is made up of three basic parts:

1. A large store of water in tanks, called fire storage tanks, either underground or on top of the building

2. A specialised method of pumping,

3. A large piping network that ends in either hydrants or sprinklers (nearly all buildings require both of these systems)

A fire hydrant 

A vertical steel pipe with an outlet near which two fire hoses are stored is a fire hydrant (A fire hydrant is called a standpipe in America). Firefighters can go to the outlet during a fire, break open the hoses, attach one to the outlet, and open it manually so that water rushes out of the hose's nozzle. The volume and velocity of the water is so great that if he is not standing in the right way, it may knock over the firefighter holding the hose. Water will gush out as soon as the fire fighter opens the hydrant, and sensors will sense a decrease in pressure in the device. This pressure drop will cause the fire fighting pumps to turn on and start pumping water at a massive flow rate.

A sprinkler 

A sprinkler is a nozzle mounted just below the ceiling of a room, connected to a network of pipes. There is a tiny glass bulb in each sprinkler with a liquid in it. This bulb usually blocks water flow. The liquid in the bulb can become hot during a burn. It would then extend and shatter the glass bulb, eliminating the barrier and allowing the sprinkler to spray water. The primary distinction between a hydrant and a sprinkler is that in a storm, a sprinkler will automatically come on. A fire hydrant must be manually controlled by qualified firefighters - laymen can not operate it.

fire pumping system 

   

In a pump room very close to the fire tanks, fire fighting pumps are usually installed. The main point is that the pumps should be placed just below the bottom of the fire tank at a height such that gravity will flow all the water in the tanks into the pumps.

There must be backup pumps, like all critical systems, in case the main pump fails. In case the electricity fails, there is a main pump that is electric, a backup pump that is electric, and a second backup pump that is diesel powered, which is normal. Each of these pumps will individually pump the necessary amount of water - they are equal in size.

Pressure sensors power the pumps. Water gushes out of the system and the pressure decreases when a fire fighter opens a hydrant, or when a sprinkler turns on. This drop will be sensed by the pressure sensors and the fire fighting pumps will be turned on. But the only way to shut a fire fighting pump off is for a fire fighter to do this in the pump room manually. This is an international code of practise intended to prevent shutting off the pumps due to any control system failure.

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